![]() Although the regulatory effect of sugars on photosynthetic activity and plant metabolism has long been recognized, the concept of sugars as central signaling molecules is relatively novel. In plants, sugar production through photosynthesis is a vital process, and sugar status modulates and coordinates internal regulators and environmental cues that govern growth and development ( ). The role of nutrients as regulatory molecules has come to be appreciated only recently in mammals despite extensive previous research on Glc homeostasis and diabetes ( ). ![]() ![]() For such unicellular organisms, nutrient availability is the main extracellular factor controlling growth and metabolism. The pivotal role of sugars as signaling molecules is well illustrated by the variety of sugar sensing and signaling mechanisms discovered in free-living microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast ( ). INTRODUCTION In addition to their essential roles as substrates in carbon and energy metabolism and in polymer biosynthesis, sugars have important hormone-like functions as primary messengers in signal transduction.
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